Checking the placenta

  • Placenta and membranes need to be checked after the birth to make sure they are complete
  • If pieces of placenta or membranes left inside the uterus can’t contract completely — can cause postpartum haemorrhage (significant bleeding)

Do not

  • Do not dispose of placenta until you have asked family for advice, if not sending to hospital/pathology
    • Placenta may have cultural or personal significance and family may want to take it home

Do first

  • If woman going to hospital — send placenta with her
    • Double bag then put in pathology transport container with ice brick 
    • Make sure it is labelled

Check

  • If woman less than 37 weeks pregnant or showing signs of infection — eg fever or pus/discharge on membranes, offensive odour from placenta
    • Take swabs from both foetal (outside) and maternal (inside) sides of membranes and send for MC&S
    • Send placenta to pathology, even if woman not going to hospital
    • Make sure pathology test form is sent with the placenta — medical consult to find out what tests to order
  • If abnormalities in the placenta, or complications in the pregnancy — medical consult —  placenta may need to be sent for histopathology

Look at cut cord

  • Usually 3 blood vessels — Figure 3.16
    • If only 2 blood vessels — medical consult for baby  — may be associated with kidney, heart or other abnormalities

Figure 3.16   

Look at placenta — foetal (cord) side up

  • Put placenta on table with foetal (cord) side up — should be smooth and shiny — Figure 3.17

Figure 3.17   

  • Hold placenta up by cord and check membranes are intact — Figure 3.18
  • There are 2 layers of membranes
    • Amnion (membrane on foetal side) is easy to tear
    • Chorion (membrane on maternal side) is a bit tougher and thicker
  • If any holes, tears, ragged edges or missing membrane — Figure 3.19medical consult

Figure 3.18   

Figure 3.19   

Look at placenta — maternal side up

  • Lay placenta flat on table with maternal side up — check it is complete
    • If any pieces of placenta missing — Figure 3.20medical consult

Figure 3.20